Typically you will be required to have a CDL and the appropriate endorsements.
Source: youtube
Heavy Duty Tanker Truck
Most likely the heavy duty tanker truck (trailer) will have a hauling capacity of 5,500 gallons to 9,000 gallons, with a gross weight over 26,000 lbs.
Depending on the use (what is being transported) the trailers can vary in sizes from 30 to 53 feet for single-trailer, but can be almost 100 feet for multiple-trailer rigs.
It is not common to piggyback dangerous or hazardous materials, although some companies do. It is more common for them to haul dry goods. Safety is always the number one priority, regardless what you’re hauling.
Source: www.imgur.com
Medium Duty Tanker Truck
The medium duty tanker truck often referred to as frame carried, but can also be truck and trailer combination.
Frame carried is the similar to a straight truck; the tank is attached directly to the truck’s frame as one unit.
This tanker truck usually has a capacity from 500 gallons to 4,000 gallons. Their gross weight would then be below 26,000 lbs.
Source: www.hankstruckpictures.com